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Pengertian Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentences are made up of a dependent clause (main clause) and an independent clause (if clause) joined to express said condition.

(Kalimat pengandaian terdiri dari klausa dependen (klausa utama) dan klausa independen (klausa yang menggunakan kata ‘if’) menjadi sebuah kalimat pengandaian).

There are five types of conditional sentences, they are Type 0 (zero conditionals), type 1 (first conditional), type II (second conditionals), and type III (third conditionals) and mix type. In this chapter, we are going to discuss more about conditional type 0 and type 1. Those types of conditionals followed by command or suggestion.

(Ada lima jenis kalimat pengandaian, yaitu Tipe 0, tipe I, tipe II, dan tipe III, dan tipe campuran. Pada bab ini, kita akan membahas lebih jauh tentang pengandaian type 0 dan type 1. Jenis pengandaian tersebut dipakai untuk memberi perintah atau saran).

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Conditional Sentence Type 0 (Zero Conditional)

In this type of conditional, the word ‘if’ can be replaced with the word “when”. The situation of the sentences in this type is real and possible. The tense in this type is Simple present tense. There are several functions of zero conditional.

(Pada jenis pengandaian ini, kata ‘jika’ dapat diganti dengan kata “kapan”. kalimat pengandaian type O dipakai untuk kebenaran umum, fakta dan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi. Tense dalam jenis ini adalah Simple present tense. kalimat pengandaian ini berfungsi sebagai):

1. To show general truth/scientific facts

It is used to show general truth/scientific facts or to express something as a fact. (Fungsi pertama yaitu digunakan untuk menunjukkan kebenaran umum/fakta ilmiah atau fakta.)

(If + S. Present, S. Present)

The pattern of Simple present tense can be non-verbal (nominal) or verbal sentences. (Pola kalimat S. Present tense dipakai dalam bentuk verbal maupun nominal)

a. Here is the pattern for nominal sentences

For example

1. If the new babies is hungry, they cry.
2. If I miss the bus, I am late for school.

b. The pattern for non-verbal pattern

For example:
● If you heat the ice, it melts.
● If people eat too much, they get fat.

No	If clause (condition) – Simple present	Main clause (result) – Simple present
1	If the new babies is hungry,	they cry
2	If you heat the ice,	it melts.
3	If people eat too much	they get fat.
4	If I miss the bus,	I am late for school
5	when the new babies is hungry,	they cry
6	when you heat the ice,	it melts.
7	when people eat too much	they get fat.
8	when I miss the bus,	I am late for school

2. To give instructions/command/advice

Zero conditional is also used to give instructions/command and advice by using the imperative in the main clause. (Zero conditional juga digunakan untuk memberikan instruksi/perintah dan nasehat dengan menggunakan kalimat imperatif pada klausa utama.

(If + S. Present, Imperative)

Imperative is the sentence which asks someone to do something. Imperative can be positive and negative; the negative is called prohibition. (Imperatif adalah kalimat yang meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu. Imperatif bisa berupa kalimat positif dan negatif; kalimat negatifnya disebut larangan.)

a. The pattern for imperative is

For example:
★ If you want to enjoy Seattle, stroll around the city.
★ If you want to pass the exam, be a diligent student.

b. The pattern for negative imperative/prohibition

For example:
★ If you visit Seattle, don’t do something illegally.
★ If you want to pass the exam, don’t be a lazy student.

No	If clause (condition) – Simple present	If clause (condition) – Simple present
1	If/when you want to enjoy Seattle,	stroll around the city.
2	If/when you want to pass the exam,	be a diligent student.
3	If/when you visit the Seattle,	don’t do something illegally..
4	If/when you want to pass the exam,	don’t be a lazy student.

Conditional Sentence Type 1 (First Conditional)

Pengertian Conditional Sentence Type 1

First conditional is used to talk about situations which are very likely to happen, for example to show a dream/ambition/future action and it is also used to give suggestions.

(First conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan situasi yang sangat mungkin terjadi, misalnya untuk menunjukkan mimpi/ambisi/tindakan di masa depan dan juga digunakan untuk memberi saran.)

Rumus dan Contoh Conditional Type 1

(If + Simple Present, Simple Future/Present Modal)

No	If clause (condition) – Simple present	Main clause (result) – Present Modal
1	If Lisa graduates next Mei,	she will get her master’s degree next July.
2	If you visit Seattle,	you should explore the Space Needle and Pacific Science Center.
3	If you don’t feel well,	you should go home now.
4	If you want to pass the exam,	you must study harder.
5	If you study,	you can answer this question.
6	If you feel sick,	you may go home.
7	If you visit Seattle,	you should explore the Space Needle and Pacific Science Center.

The use of “Unless” (Penggunaan “Unless”)

Unless means except if or if…not. Often when we are talking about present situations. we use unless instead of if…not.

(Unless memiliki arti kecuali atau jika…tidak. Seringkali ketika kita berbicara tentang sesuatu, kita menggunakan “unless” (kecuali) daripada menggunakan kata “jika…tidak”).

If	Unless
If you don’t study, you can’t answer all of the questions.	You can’t answer all of the questions unless you study.”
She will be hungry if she doesn’t eat her meal.	She will be hungry unless she eats her meal.
If Lisa doesn’t graduate next Mei, she can’t get a master ‘s degree next July.	Lisa doesn’t get her master’s degree next July unless she graduates next Mei.

Usai menyimak pemaparan diatas, kini kamu makin mahir menguasai seputar conditional sentence.

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